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Class 12 Biology

This Class 12 Biology book moves from how plants and humans reproduce, through reproductive health, inheritance and DNA, to evolution, disease, microbes and biotechnology, and ends with ecology and conservation. Every chapter is listed below with its key topics, and the sample chapter shows the cheat sheet, flashcards and quiz Classly makes from a chapter.

Follows the Class 12 Biology textbook.

Sample chapter

Chapter 5Molecular Basis of InheritanceCheat sheet, 10 flashcards and a 5-question quiz with answers

All 13 chapters

  1. 1
    Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

    microsporogenesis · megasporogenesis · embryo sac · double fertilisation · pollination

  2. 2
    Human Reproduction

    spermatogenesis · oogenesis · menstrual cycle · fertilisation · implantation

  3. 3
    Reproductive Health

    birth control · contraceptives · medical termination of pregnancy · sexually transmitted infections · infertility

  4. 4
    Principles of Inheritance and Variation

    Mendel's laws · law of dominance · law of segregation · independent assortment · Punnett square

  5. 5
    Molecular Basis of InheritanceCheat sheet · flashcards · quiz

    DNA structure · DNA replication · transcription · translation · lac operon

  6. 6
    Evolution

    origin of life · natural selection · adaptive radiation · Hardy-Weinberg principle · fossil evidence

  7. 7
    Human Health and Disease

    immunity · AIDS · cancer · vaccination · pathogens

  8. 8
    Microbes in Human Welfare

    lactic acid bacteria · fermentation · antibiotics · sewage treatment · biogas

  9. 9
    Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

    genetic engineering · recombinant DNA technology · restriction enzymes · plasmid vectors · bioreactors

  10. 10
    Biotechnology and its Applications

    GM crops · Bt cotton · gene therapy · transgenic animals · recombinant insulin

  11. 11
    Organisms and Populations

    population ecology · population growth · carrying capacity · predation · competition

  12. 12
    Ecosystem

    primary productivity · decomposition · energy flow · food chain · ecological pyramids

  13. 13
    Biodiversity and Conservation

    genetic diversity · species diversity · biodiversity hotspots · in situ conservation · ex situ conservation

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